In Newly Published Essay, John Lewis Offers Parting Words Of Hope

In Newly Published Essay, John Lewis Offers Parting Words Of Hope You'll probably see in most of the assessment criteria for essays in different subjects across the university that originality is one of the markers of first class essays. My next guideline for writing an essay is to make sure that you give it to someone else to read. Writing an essay plays a crucial role in learning other than passing a class. The perceiving of writing is as an innate ability that a student either has or does not have. However, through the writing of essays, one discovers that with practice and determination, you can become proficient in writing. It then becomes a motivation to learn other activities using the same approach. college papers for sale at essayzoo become their option. However, with constant practice through essays, one becomes ready to complete assignments such as term papers, research papers, coursework, and dissertations. Good critical essay writing is shaped by effective planning, following the plan for drafting, and improving by editing and proofreading. TheAlex Essay Writing Toolis a free app that you may find useful. Developed by the RLF, it takes you through all the stages of essay writing. Originality in an academic essay is all about the way that you interrogate the material in front of you and the way that you put the material together. It may include a definition of terms in the context of the essay, etc. It should also include a statement of the specific subdivisions of the topic and/or indication of how the topic is going to be tackled in order to specifically address the question. Don’t be afraid torewrite parts of your essayif they’re not as strong as you’d like them to be. Oftentimes, your academic essay will not come out perfect the first time around. then it is clear that a balanced essay is required. It should include a few general statements about the subject to provide a background to your essay and to attract the reader's attention. It should try to explain why you are writing the essay. Well, my first guideline for writing an essay is to make sure that you have a clear line of argument. If the essay title is in the form of a question - this might seem obvious - answer the question. Come up with a conclusion that returns us to the primary thesis of your paper and gives us ideas about where we can take it next. After you have more clearly articulated your thesis and arguments by responding to these questions, you can spend some time thinking about the overall presentation. That means that you need to decide exactly what your key points are. So you need a logical sequence of key points that actually build up your argument. Can you show originality and flair in the way that you write your essay? Well, a lot of students often ask, ‘What do I do to show originality in an essay? Do I just say what my opinion is about the subject matter? ' Well, partly -- but it's not just a matter of expressing your personal opinion without justification or rationale. OK, my final guideline for writing an essay concerns originality. That doesn't mean that you have to cover absolutely everything that you've read. Come up with your main line of argument, but plan your essay before you launch into the actual writing of the essay. In an essay, and even in longer essays like 4,000 word essays, you'll usually only need to have a handful of key points. Remember the main objective is to support the main line of argument that you want to present to the reader.

How to write a book report without reading the book

Proved Way That Guides You to Writing an Essay on a Book You Haven’t Read Are you the one who is always confused when it comes to writing a book report? This task requires a tangible piece of time. Two in one – book reading and essay writing – sounds dreadfully? This is when you surely open the search line in your browser and look for the most effective answer and a proved tip on How to write essay on book I didnt read. If you are some sort of a procrastinator – that as sure as fate doubles your challenge. Probably there is a little time left for this not-as-simple-as-you-desire task.  We will spill some proved tips gathered in one place to help you write an essay on a book you haven’t read within several hours and get the best possible result. So here you are. Lets take four or five hours to read all the necessary stuff. This amount of time should be enough. Mind that it, of course, depends on the lengths of the book you need to study and your own speed of reading. So be conscious, take all your passion in your hand, wake up the inspiration deep within and go ahead. But first, lets think over. Is it a good idea to look for the similar works one the web As they say, if you do not know what to do – ask your pocket library, namely search engine. It is more than 50% likely that other people have already written their essays on the same or a similar topic. But be conscious. Do not give in to temptation of a plagiarism! Instead, follow the  others’ examples and use them only for the inspiration. However, it’s up to you anyway. So lets get to the point and check out our tips on how to write a book report yourself, quickly, and at your best. The count has started. Go through the book briefly, but scrupulously You probably want to make the things easier and read the first and the final chapter to get some sense of a story? To understand the whole idea, you need to take a look at more pages. We recommend that you read the first paragraphs of each chapter of your book. Depending on paragraphs lengths, it can take you from two hours to learn all the chapters briefly. This is the crucial rule you have to follow for writing an essay on a book you didnt read, which is much shorter and faster than reading the whole book. Lets assume, the approximate number of pages is 300 (plus-minus several dozens of pages) with 15 chapters, relatively. Reading the first and the last pages of it may require from an hour and a half to two-three hours, which is dependent on a speed of your reading. Read with a pen in your hands Use a proved rule of thumb – make notes while reading. It will help you with the very first draft of your future essay. You can forget something important afterwards, especially when you see the blank paper in front of you. Arm yourself with the most important information at once. It can take your time in the process, but it will save a good piece of it in the end. In order to avoid making notes blindfold, reread and check out the requirements of your essay and find out what information to look for. This will increase your effectiveness. Make notes in the most handy way for you – write out, underline or use stickers, etc. Two or three hours left and more than a half of the path is gone. You have two or more hours to write a book report and summarize everything on paper. Make your first draft Once you are done with so-called generalized reading, you can move on to finishing your first draft. Namely finishing, because youve almost done it in the process, written down the most important information and ideas for the relevant sections of your report. Dont forget to keep your eye to the required formatting. Spend the time left for improving your first draft and make it clear according to the requirements. Does it match to the words and pages count. How about the style and the content? Are you satisfied yourself? 60-90 remained minutes should be enough to finish it and start revising mistakes, misprints or rewriting the parts you find not appealing. Once youve read this studenthacking instruction, close it and start working on your task. Try to focus only on the present moment and do what you should do. Otherwise, interfering with different issues will take much more of your time and reduce your effectiveness. So do it. Or Write your report about any book with us! We hope that you have found our tips useful and they will help you write a very good report in the short term. We put all our experience in one place to give a comprehensive answer on your question How to write essay on a book I didnt read, but still these recommendations do not guarantee you success, especially when you are running out of time and the task itself is not the easiest for you. Counting on Google also makes not much sense, because of some evident reasons. Theres no one to prove that the given results will respond to your needs while surfing on the Internet, especially when your task is related to writing character analysis essays. Besides, a risk to find the works of poor quality or with incomplete information is what adds to this problem. Writing an essay on a book from scratch is a decision that can save the situation. Feeling not enough passion for doing it itself, you can always count on our help and write your report with us. We will find an experienced writer, who is not only familiar with the book, but also competent at the task. This means that you will receive a profound essay, written in accordance with all the requirements. Once ordered, our pros will save you from bad essays and meet the specified deadline. So dont bother and apply for professional help today.

Environmental Challenges Ghana Faces and Suggested Solutions

Environmental management can be described as the process by which the collection of policies, structures, resources, systems and processes are brought to mutual interplay for the achievement of clearly defined environmental policy directives (EPA). Ghana, a developing country, is facing so many environmental challenges despite the policies put in place by the various institutions to help curb this problem. Some of these challenges are lack of proper waste management, deforestation, pollution, land or soil degradation, desertification and resource depletion among others. This essay seeks to elaborate briefly on some of the main environmental challenges confronting Ghana and also throw more light on the concept of sustainable development. To†¦show more content†¦For a land to be ready for any agriculture activity there should be clearing of land. This includes the cutting down of tress and burning of slash. Furthermore, the increasing use of agricultural chemicals also helps the air to be polluted. Tema being Ghana’s most industrious city has its industries always polluting the air. Almost everyday, effluents gases are released in the atmosphere by these industries. Also the emission of greenhouse gases and hydrocarbons to the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels helps promote air pollution in Ghana. Again, the burning of fuels by most machines pollutes the air by releasing gases in to the atmosphere. One of the gases produced is Carbon Monoxide (CO). Also, the continued smoking of tobacco products helps promote the pollution of air in Ghana. The emission of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) from compressed cans and sprays. Out of these, the emission of CFCs are the most catastrophic as it destroys the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from the harmful Ultra-violet rays of the Sun causing skin cancer. One of the most drastic causes of air pollution in Ghana is the centered on the unscientific mining activities which is popularly known as â€Å"Galamsey†. Through the mining activities, the air is polluted by introducing much dust in the atmosphere. Water pollution in Ghana is also caused by throwing of both liquid and solid waste such as industrial waste, sewage grey water in our water bodies whichShow MoreRelatedCocoa Production in Ghana: A Mechanism for Biodiversity Conservation1313 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction When it comes to intensive farming systems, many rural farmers face a trade-off between agricultural production and biodiversity . In order to protect the biodiversity, farmers must sacrifice agricultural production. Hence, the challenge is to continuously expand food production while bearing no negative effects on biodiversity. These negative effects widely include deforestation, disrupting ecosystem integrity and species viability. 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CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTING DSM PROGRAMMES 14.39 8. CONCLUSION 14.41 LEARNING RESOURCES 14.43 Key points covered 14.43 Answers to review questions 14.43 Exercises 14.44 Presentation/suggested discussion topicsRead MoreEssay about Abortion Should Be Llegal2317 Words   |  10 Pagesthe victim the bad memories as well as raise the stress on her mental health in the later nine months. Obviously, the moral right of the fetus to life is limited when it is compared with the onerous later life that the mother should face with. This may be the best solution in this bad situation. In addition, there may not be divergent views on abortion when addressing the rape and incest problem. (ORC citied, rethinking abortion p48). 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I envision carving a role for myself at the center of the interaction between clinicians, engineers, and scientists. I am pursuing joint M.D./Ph.D. doctorates which will equip me with the clinical educationRead MoreGlaxosmithkline18561 Words   |  75 PagesConduct. Recent criticism concerning GSK’s CSR performance includes fraudulent patent manoeuvres, irresponsible drug promotion and tax evasion. GSK’s policy for access to medicines in poor countries is outlined in its 2001 publication Facing the Challenge. The company identifies three key areas in which it can make a valuable contribution: RD for diseases in poor countries Sustainable preferential pricing Community investment GSK has provided voluntary licenses for the generic production of HIV/AIDSRead MoreSamasource Give Work Not Aid8822 Words   |  36 Pagescome a long way since its founding, Janah also knew that it still had far to go to fulfill its mission of fighting poverty through the provision and execution of digital work. As she walked off the plane, her mind started racing with the scaling challenges the company faced. How could S amasource best secure additional funding to sustain and accelerate its growth? How could it best help entrepreneurs at delivery centers and workers develop new skills? And even more fundamentally, how could this socialRead MoreChina in Africa Essay20116 Words   |  81 Pagesbureaucrats and other urban elites are the winners. This underscores the need to introduce a flexible, low-cost, decentralised and open approach to formalisation, which can adapt to various local circumstances. This is not a technical issue, and the solutions are not technical. It is a political issue involving issues of corruption and good governance. Second, a growing economy and an associated demand for new residential areas made formalisation inevitable. It was, therefore, not a question of whether

Auditing & Assurance Service

Questions: 1. Are auditing standards important and do they matter? 2. Cybersecurity, auditing and audit committees. Discuss. Answers: Importance of Auditing Standards Basically, auditing standards can be defined as the predetermined guidelines, rules, regulations and policies that used by the auditors in order to determine whether financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and in an effective and more significant manner (Brigham Daves, 2009). Along with this, it should also be noted down that, the auditing standards also develops a clear understanding in the mind of auditor about the audit process and reviews the client business and performs audit risk analysis. On the other hand, it is also analyzed that, auditing standards also assists the auditors in knowing the industry standards or guidelines which the business firms or companies operates. Apart from this, it can also be said that auditing standards are also applies by the auditors to a review of a budgetary report for a company in an effective and more significant manner (Drake Fabozzi, 2012). Furthermore, it is also analyzed that, the auditing standards that accounting and finance professionals follow are set by government agencies and financial boards around the world. For case, there are several nations that follow similar standards for the fulfillment of accounting objectives. In addition to this, it can also be said that, according to the auditing standards, the auditor would be responsible to identify the various activities in the context of assessment. Additionally, he/she would also be responsible to found different risk associated with the material error at the end monitory repost (Nissim Penman, 2001). Moreover, the auditing standards also help the assessor to evaluate whether data collected from the examiner shopper receipt/persist auditing process. At the same time, it is also analyzed that, the auditors also tries to accomplish the auditing objectives effectively. Simply, the auditing standards also helps the auditors in finding the risks factors. For case, a uditor must be specified general balance-related and a transaction-related audit objective to the company (Stickney, Weil, Schipper Francis, 2009). On the other hand, according to the auditing standards, the primary responsibility of the audit firm is to ensure audits is done right and with integrity. In the case of end result is an unqualified audit report, the audit firm responsibility is to detect fraud or misstated financial reporting or information and after find the issues or fraud report in question in the final audit report (Thomas Chizek, 2003). Hence, on the basis of above discussion, it can be conclude that, in the current time, auditing standards should be used by the business and other firms in order to avoid accounting and financial error in an effective and proper manner. Auditing Standards also important because these deals with audit procedures and tasks that is planning, executing, and reporting to carry out in response to the high financial risks or problem areas. On the other hand, it is also observed these also reduce financial risks. Auditing Standards are also associated with the recruitment of auditor, collects importance information, discusses the scope and objectives of the audit with management or auditor, decides audit processes, evaluates existing controls, and planning of the remaining audit steps. Cyber security, Auditing and Audit Committees Cyber security: In todays more challenging and globalized business era, with the increasing importance of information and technology, cyber security is one of the main topics because in the current computerized scenario, different organizations are affected by the internal information attack in numerous ways in different manner. For instance, the internal information attack is the process of the use of the different technology in an unethical or illegal manner to acquire unauthorized access of perceptive as well as confidential information on a computer system or the internet. For case, internal information attack influence the profitability, productivity, revenues, goodwill, reputation in a negative manner at the global level. It also generates fear in the mind of the users to use the internet services such as: e-commerce, e-business, e-trade, etc. in an appropriate manner. Basically, cyber security can be defined as the information technology security that mainly focuses on protect ing computers, networks, programs and data from unintended or unauthorized access, change or destruction. Moreover, it also protects the private and confidential data or information of the users (Theohary, 2010). Auditing: Basically, auditing can be defined as a significant process or activity about the systematic and effective examination and verification of financial and accounting records reports in an effective and proper manner. Along with this, auditing is also the organized process of examination of documents, accounts, books, and vouchers of a business firm in order to analyze and evaluate the financial records as well as transactions/records reflects true and fair value (Thornton, 2010). Along with this, it should also be noted down that, the auditing process also ensures that the books of accounts and finance are maintained and used properly as required by law. At the same time, it should also be noted down that, the main aim and objective behind the auditing is to research and find out whether the financial/accounting records/statements of a particular concern demonstrate an accurate and fair vision of the earning and financial position of a business. Hence, it can be said that, au diting is the significant, systematic and independent process of examining the data, statements, records, operations and performances of an organization or company for a stated purpose (Whittington Delaney, 2011). In the same way, auditing reduces the financial and accounting issues and improves the productivity of the organizations in an effective and proper manner. An audit committee: An audit committee is referred as a group of selected persons of members of a company's board of directors. All these members are fully liable and responsible to assist the auditors. Along with this, the audit committees also manage and control a lot of financial and accounting functions in an effective and proper manner so that accountability, reliability can be maintained properly. Audit committee plays a critical role in the public accounting firm internal control system. Audit committee generally focuses on internal control over financial reporting as well as audit committee are played major role in internal controls related to operation. The appropriate explicit or theoretical framework also helps the audit committee members to control internal system. The explicit or theoretical framework underlines or describes the role of the board and the role of audit committee by delegation or regulation that played major role to create an effective control environment in public firm (Ruppel, 2006). References Brigham, E.F. Daves, P.R. (2009). Intermediate Financial Management (10th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. Drake, P.P. Fabozzi, F.J. (2012). Analysis of Financial Statements (3rd ed.). USA: John Wiley Sons. Nissim, D. Penman, S.H. (2001). Ratio Analysis and Equity Valuation: From Research to Practice. Review of Accounting Studies, 6, 109154. Ruppel, W. (2006). Not-for-Profit Audit Committee Best Practices. USA: John Wiley Sons. Stickney, C.P., Weil, R.L., Schipper, K. Francis, J. (2009). Financial Accounting: An Introduction to Concepts, Methods, and Uses (13th ed.). Canada: Cengage Learning. Theohary, C.A. (2010). Cybersecurity: Current Legislation, Executive Branch Initiatives, and Options for Congress. USA: DIANE Publishing. Thomas, E.M. Chizek, C. (2003). The Seven-step Process to Risk-based Auditing. The Institute Of Internal Auditors, 2(4). Thornton, G. (2010). Planning the external audit. Whittington, O.R. Delaney, P.R. (2011). Wiley CPA Exam Review 2012, Auditing and Attestation (9th ed.). USA: John Wiley Sons.

The Death Penalty Essays - Penology, Criminology, Criminal Law

The Death Penalty Capital punishment is the legal infliction of the death penalty on persons convicted of a crime. Today, in modern law, the death penalty is corporal punishment in its most severe form. It is irrevocable: it ends the existence of those punished, instead of temporarily imprisoning them. Although capital punishment is not intended to inflict physical pain, execution is the only corporal punishment still applied to adults. The usual alternative to the death penalty is life-long imprisonment. For the past decades capital punishment has been one of the most hotly contested political issues in America. This debate is a complicated one. Capital punishment is not merely-or even primarily-a legal question. It is a practical, philosophical, social, political, and moral question as well. I don't have any problems with the death penalty only if all avenues have been investigated and nothing is questionable. I believe in the concept of "an eye for an eye" and "a tooth for a tooth" because there are always consequences to the things you do and murder should not an exception. The notion of deterrence has been at the very center of the practical debate over the question of capital punishment. The fear of death deters people from committing crimes. I believe that the death penalty has a deterrent value because it removes the criminals from society so they will never be able to committing anymore crimes. Also future criminals must understand the consequences of committing a crime. Abolitionists have long argued that deterrence is little more than an assumption, that most murders cannot be rationally deterred by any penalty, including death. They are crimes of passion, committed in moments of intense rage, frustration, hatred, or fear, when the killers aren't thinking clearly of the personal consequences of what they do. I respect their beliefs, but I still believe in its deterrence value. I believe the serial murderers that continuously kill should be put to death so that no more lives will be lost. I believe in capital punishment because I know of a person who was killed in a drive-by shooting. He was a good student and had plenty of potential. The juveniles who took his life are currently in juvenile hall. What saddens me the most is that these violent teenagers have a potential of freedom when they turn eighteen. I believe these criminals should have been executed because there is a chance that they will commit a murder again. If the death penalty was applied to them, it guarantees that they will never murder again. July 9, 1998 English 1A

Pedophilia and the Mind

Pedophilia and the Mind Studies have shown that pedophilia is a mental disorder that compels victims to become sexually aroused by children who are below the age of puberty (Cantor et al., 2004).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pedophilia and the Mind specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apparently, the disorder drives victims to become sexually abusive to children below 13 years. Studies have shown that this sexual deviation is as a result of abnormalities in the brain’s morphology (Schiffer Volaufen, 2011). Certainly, neurological structures of the brain especially the frontal lobe and temporal lobe have been known to cause the disorder. On the other hand, non-pedophiles are individuals who are perceived to be normal and have no mind disorder (Cantor et al., 2008). For this reason, differences in morphological make up between pedophiles and non-pedophiles influence their brain functions (Carlson, 2010). It is against this background t hat this paper summarizes the evidence to support the suggestion that there are differences in brain function between pedophiles and non-pedophiles. Moreover, the paper will also propose a study to advance the knowledge on pedophiles and the mind. Evidences From a careful review of literature, 95% of pedophiles are likely to commit sexual abuse that amounts to 70% of assaults to pre-pubescent children (Cantor et al., 2004). Of great importance to note is that 90% of pedophiles are men whose sexual abusive behavior occurs due to testosterone-related disorders. Studies have shown that the disorder cannot be cured due to the fact that it is inborn (Schiffer Volaufen, 2011). Nevertheless, there are measures that can be taken to control the sexual urge among pedophiles.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Medical experts have done investigation on the brain structures of people who are pedophiles and have compared them with the non-pedophiles. From the study, evidence has shown that pedophiles have less widespread tissues in the brain region (Cantor et al., 2008). Notably, their superior frontal-occipital and right-actuate fasciculus have less tissues, a factor that triggers the development of the disorder (Schiffer Volaufen, 2011). Previous studies have shown that such tissues are responsible in controlling body functions such as sexual urge, self-control and sexual responses. For this reason, it attributes to sexual deviations among pedophiles as opposed to non-pedophiles (Carlson, 2010). In addition, numerous biological clues indicate that pedophiles often have low intelligence quotient. Hence, they perform poorly at school as opposed to non-pedophiles. This literature can be supported by the argument that most of the victims are lefties. In other words, their left part of the brain is more functional than the right one. This has been attributed by the as sumption that pedophiles might have suffered head injuries in their childhood age (Cantor et al., 2004). Moreover, Schiffer and Volaufen (2011) suggest that this can be caused by problems that inhibit early childhood development. In line with this, brain function influences social development.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pedophilia and the Mind specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this case, disorders in the brain can result into deviation of the social aspect of an individual’s life. For this case, one can analyze that most of the pedophiles have poor social links with other adults (Carlson, 2010). Moreover, brain function influences one’s social behavior where pedophiles are unable to maintain their normal relationship with other adults. In this case, they turn to children who are more vulnerable and are easily coerced as opposed to non-pedophiles who manage to construct consented relationships wi th their colleagues. Besides, medical experts have revealed that there is a difference in the biological make up and mental functioning between pedophiles and non-pedophiles. Conclusive research evidence indicates that pedophiles have less white matter in the brain as opposed to non-pedophiles (Cantor, 2004). Notably, the white assists the wiring system in the brain. Therefore, the deficiency affects the IQ as well as the rationality in thinking. For this reason, Cantor et al (2004) assert that sexual offences committed by such individuals are not accompanied with stern measures like the case of non-pedophiles. In line with this, evidence has shown that even if the pedophiles are imprisoned for sexual offenses, there is likelihood that they will repeat the offence again. Cantor et al (2004) highlight that there is a prevalence of 25% for pedophiles and that such victims will commit the act more easily as opposed to other criminals. In another line of study, researchers have posited that there are prenatal conditions that interfere with neurodevelopment and hence cause brain dysfunctions.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, disruption of prenatal development in the brain due to stress may lead to pedophilic habit (Schiffer Volaufen, 2011). That notwithstanding, studies has shown that pedophiles have certain personality traits that differ from non-pedophiles (Cantor et al., 2004). The traits are psychological and hence are controlled by their brain function. Traits associated with pedophiles include low self esteem, poor interpersonal functioning and poor social skills. For this reason, it is definite that the brain functions between pedophiles and non-pedophiles are different. Nevertheless, with the above in mind, it is imperative to mention that there is a need to research further on the connection that exists between brain functions and sexual responses. In this case, advanced study will help to expose strong evidences that show how the disorder occurs. Notably, this will help researchers to explain how medical practitioners can govern the influence of brain on sexual interests (Carlso n, 2010). Needless to say, there is much that needs to be researched upon in order to gain adequate knowledge on pedophilia. Proposed study There is need for a study related to the topic to be discussed is why victims with the psychosexual disorder are highly oriented to children than adults. It is imperative to note that there are numerous controversial issues that are related to pedophilia. For instance, studies have shown that the disorder is highly prevalent among males than females. For this reason, this topic will provide the research basics on this fact in order to derive evidences that can be substantiated. From a careful review of literature, very few researchers have gone to the extent of studying how one can identify individuals with the disorder (Cantor et al., 2004). For this reason, there is need to expand the body of knowledge on how to distinguish pedophilia from other sexual disorders that are related with brain functions. Pointless to say, there has been allegation that pedophiles have low intelligence quotient and that they tend to be shorter as compared to non-pedophiles. However, studies have shown that not all pedophiles show poor performance in class (Cantor et al., 2004). In this case, there is need to verify such a claim in order to eliminate bias. In addition, biological factors have been regarded to cause the disorder. Nonetheless, there is need to research and verify whether there are other factors that can alter the brain’s function. Furthermore, it is evident that the sexual deviance causes insults to children and hence there is need to study and come up with legal measures that should be taken in order to control such acts. This is due to the fact that a significant number of experts argue that victims of pedophilia should not be accused or even prosecuted in courts of law for the offence (Schiffer Volaufen, 2011). Study design In line with this, the study on pedophilia should have a detailed and concise study design in o rder to capture numerous issues that have been debated upon. This will help to establish declarative facts about the disorder (Cantor et al., 2004). In this case, the study should entail identifying the possible causes of the disorder and the prevalence rate among the victims. Notably, pedophiles should have their medical history analyzed in order to consider all the possible factors for the disease. In this case, the study will emphasize more on the connection between sexual dysfunctions with brain disorders. Moreover, the examination or study should be conducted by experienced medical experts in order to avoid errors. In addition, there is need to identify the possible signs and symptoms of the disorder (Cantor et al., 2008). For this case, a sample taken through random or simplified technique will be used in order to produce positive results. Besides, the study should also entail curative and preventive measures for the disease (Carlson, 2010). Notably, past research has revealed that pedophilia can not be cured. Nevertheless, there are therapeutic measures that can be used such as sexual orientation. In this case, the study will evaluate the effectiveness of such therapies. Research methods to be used Needless to say, there are numerous research methods that can be applied in the study. Suggested methods include use of qualitative and quantitative research in order to obtain theoretical and numerical facts. Moreover, the study should be experimental and historical at the same time in order to have clear conclusion of the relationship between pedophilia and brain function. References Cantor, J. et al (2004). Intelligence, memory, and handedness in pedophilia. Neuropsychology, 18(1):3–14. Cantor, J. et al. (2008). Cerebral white matter deficiencies in pedophilic men. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 42(1): 167–183. Carlson, N. (2010). Carlson Foundations of Behavioral Neuroscience. New York: Pearson Education, Inc. Schiffer, B. Volaufen, C. (2 011). Executive dysfunctions in pedophilic and non- pedophilic Child Molesters. Journal of Sexual Medicine. 8(7): 17-43.

Challenging behavior Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Challenging behavior - Literature review Example A child may develop different behaviors at different ages but the challenging behavior is most vital since it needs to be controlled as early as possible. Most people believe that the success of a child will depend on his ability to respond to prevention of challenging behaviors. Children who Challenging behavior is an abnormal behavior whose frequency, occurrence and duration greatly jeopardize the physical safety of the victim and that of other around him. This behavior in most cases denies the person access to ordinary social and communal facilities .Challenging behavior could be demonstrated by any person, but is mostly experienced in people with developmental disabilities, dementia, and psychosis and most often by children (Kaiser, 2007, p.13) Types of challenging behaviors Challenging behavior can manifest itself in different ways depending on the nature of the child. Calm children will react very different from violent children even under the same circumstances. The most impor tant thing is that the children will react negatively to those people who cause their problems. A common characteristic is self injuring behavior especially when a child is angry. This involves engaging in behaviors that cause physical harm or injuries to oneself. Most children will do this immediately they are offended in order to seek for attention. For example hitting oneself, biting oneself or even head butting. Most children develop aggressive behavior towards those people who influence them to develop a challenging behavior. This involves all behavior that harms others physically. They include hitting others, biting others, spitting on others, screaming, punching and kicking others among others (Emerson, 1995, p.24) Some children engage in early sexual behavior to express their feelings about some things. This includes all acts of abnormal behavior involving sexual acts. For example public masturbation, rape, and watching pornographic materials. Property directed behavior theo ry. In this theory, the behavior of the child is believed to cause destruction to property around the person. The reaction of the child is linked to the It includes throwing of objects, physical destruction and even stealing (Emerson, 2011, p.32) Theories of challenging behaviors Challenging behavior has various causes, most of which are beyond the control of the individual exhibiting the behavior. These could be social, biological, environmental or psychological among others. Social cause theory: this theory holds that the behavior of a child is attributed by the society in which he is brought up. These are the social interactions with other people, friends and relatives. This is based on the theory that behaviors are enhanced and influenced by observation on others actions and behaviors. Boredom, social interaction and social norms could trigger certain type of behaviors in people. Peer groups could also influence one to develop certain abnormal behaviors. The children will adopt the behaviors that are common in a certain society. A society that does not condemn a challenging behavior will encourage the children to be unruly. (David, 1974, p.53) Biological causes theory. This theory is based on the theory that behavior results from biological and biochemical processes. Conditions such as pain and certain medication may cause challenging behaviors. Certain inherited characteristics from parents also influence behavior. The child learns most of the behaviors from their parents. The parents should avoid acting in a manner that predisposes the children to a challenging beh